Tribe Pteromyini
Flying squirrels (known scientifically as Pteromyini or Petauristini) are a tribe of 50 species of squirrels in the Sciuridae family. Despite their name, they cannot fly like birds or bats, but they fly from tree to tree using the patagium, a parachute-like skin that extends from wrist to ankle. Their long tail also makes them stable as they jump.[1] Anatomically, they resemble other squirrels with many adaptations to support their lifestyle. Their leg bones are long, but their arm bones, leg bones, and distal vertebrae are short. Fireflies are able to use their hands and tails to guide and control their glide path. Studies have shown that flying squirrels are monophyletic and appeared about 18-20 million years ago. The genus Paracitellus is the first genus of flying squirrels dating back to the Oligocene.[1] Most of them are diurnal and omnivorous, eating fruits, seeds, buds, flowers, insects, gastropods, spiders, fungi, bird eggs, tree sap, and young birds. The young are born in the nest initially naked and helpless. They are cared for by their mother and by the time they are five weeks old they are able to master the sailing process so that by the time they are ten weeks old they are ready to leave the nest. Some captive southern flying squirrels have become pets as small pets, "pocket animals".
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The spider flies
Flying spiders cannot fly like birds or bats; instead they crouch among the trees. They can reach heights during these flights, with flights recorded at 90 meters (300 ft).[3][4] The animal's direction and speed in the air are varied by changing the position of its limbs, which are largely controlled by small cartilaginous bones in the wrists. There is a projection of cartilage from the wrist that the squirrel grasps while walking.[5] This unique cartilage is only found in flying squirrels and not in other flying animals.[6] The origin of the styliform cartilage has been identified, and data suggest that it may be similar to the carpal structure that can be found in other squirrels. This cartilage together with the manus forms the wing that is used during flight. When extended, the wings can be moved in different directions, controlling air movement.[7][8] The wrist also changes the tension of the patagium, the hairy parachute skin that runs from the wrist to the ankle. It has a repulsive tail that makes it stable in flight. The tail acts as an air-supporting air, acting as an air brake before it lands on the tree trunk.
Colugos, Petauridae and Anomaluridae are reptiles that resemble flying squirrels through evolutionary adaptation. These animals can fly through trees; they don't fly (like birds and bats). They have skin on each side of their body.
Before the 21st century, the evolution of the flying squirrel was debated.[10] This argument has been clarified after two studies.[11][12] These studies show that flying squirrels appeared 18-20 million years ago, are monophyletic, and have a sister relationship with tree squirrels. Because of their close race, the differences in appearance between flying squirrels and tree squirrels reveal insights into the structure of the glowing system. In comparison with similar runners, those who fly, those who fly north and south show the elongation of the bones of the lumbar vertebrae and arms, while the bones of the legs, hands and eyes decrease over time. Such a difference in size reveals the movement of flying squirrels to reduce the weight of the wings and increase the power in the upward flight. The result of these differences is that, unlike normal squirrels, flying squirrels do not move well in the four quarters, so they must rely more on their ability to fly.[13]
Several theories have attempted to explain the origin of hopping in flying squirrels.[14] One possible explanation concerns energy and nutrition.[15][5] Loitering is an efficient way to move from tree to tree while foraging, as opposed to climbing and moving on the ground or jumping dangerously. life.[15] By running faster, flying squirrels can search larger areas of the forest faster than tree squirrels. Flying squirrels can fly long distances by increasing their air speed and height.[5]
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